CPO 공동 패키징 광학 인터커넥트

Design and empirical thermal-electrical characterization of an integrated 72-GPU rack cluster operating at 130kW total power, utilizing dielectric fluorochemical two-phase immersion cooling with PUE of 1.025 and 3.2 Tbps CPO optical links.

We demonstrate a co-packaged 6.4 Tbps optical engine directly attached to a 100mm x 100mm substrate, delivering 1.8 pJ/bit energy efficiency and sub-nanosecond round-trip serialization latency.

The timing behavior of a mapped circuit depends on both its logic implementation and the physical environment in which that implementation is realized. Revisiting mapping decisions after placement therefore requires a search procedure that accounts for surrounding timing constraints, fanout loads, and interconnect effects. We study local remapping in this setting and develop a framework that couples discrete mapping search with physical implementation feedback. Timing-critical regions are isolated through bounded windows whose interfaces retain the context of the surrounding circuit. Within each window, a mixed-integer formulation jointly selects logic cuts, signal polarities, and library cells under a delay model informed by estimated locations and interconnect parasitics. A continuous relaxation filters the search space before discrete optimization produces alternative implementations with similar modeled timing and different structural choices. These implementations are reconstructed and assessed through legalization, routing-based parasitic estimation, and timing analysis. Physically validated improvements are incorporated into the design, and the updated context guides subsequent searches. The framework provides a systematic way to revisit local logic implementations while accounting for their interaction with an existing placement.

Scientific progress emerges from a longitudinal ecosystem in which researchers, institutions, funding agencies, collaboration networks, and the scientific literature co-evolve. As AI becomes increasingly involved throughout the scientific research cycle, understanding these interconnected and evolving processes becomes increasingly important. We introduce SciUtopia, a persistent, closed-loop LLM-agent simulation framework for studying academic research ecosystems. SciUtopia models interconnected scientific processes such as research-direction choice, collaboration, submission, peer review, resubmission, citation, funding, and researcher attrition, while maintaining evolving states across simulated years. Its configurable institutional mechanisms and information channels provide a controlled testbed for matched counterfactual experiments and targeted interventions. Across 61 simulation worlds, SciUtopia simulates over 40,000 researchers from 8,000 institutions, producing around 400,000 publication decisions and 1.2 million LLM-generated peer reviews. Using these longitudinal simulations, we find that rejection-driven resubmission substantially amplifies reviewer burden beyond population growth alone, cautious exploration balances citation impact with career success and long-term topic diversity, and resource inequality can emerge even without detectable cumulative advantage from narrowly winning early funding. Code is available at https://github.com/Ahren09/ScienceUtopia.

Network topology describes connections between neurons, whereas synaptic placement specifies how those connections are arranged within individual cells. How these levels of organization correspond remains incompletely understood. Here we show that connectivity between presynaptic neurons is reflected in relative input placement within Drosophila descending neurons (DNs). Across thousands of one-way DN connections in the independently reconstructed MaleCNS and FlyWire brains, inputs from sources also contacting the partner DN lay on average 9.4 and 8.0 μm nearer that partner's inputs along the receiver's neurites than other non-DN inputs. The same ordering held when source-input positions were fixed and partners with and without recorded source input were compared after standardizing reference-set size. In BANC and MaleCNS, shared input and measured spatial overlap provided complementary predictive information about DN interconnection. Two interconnected DNs sharing an ascending source differed in their identified cord outputs. Together, these findings link a three-neuron topological relationship to relative input placement, revealing a correspondence between network connectivity and the internal spatial organization of a receiving neuron.